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Plastic cutting boards can shed microplastics. Solid wood cannot shed plastic.
As knives travel over plastic, visible grooves develop. Research shows that small plastic particles can also be released in the process. How much reaches food depends heavily on the board, knife and way it is used.
A solid wood board contains no plastic that can wear away in this manner. Wood still develops cutting marks, but its surface can be maintained and sanded when needed. The long-term health implications of microplastics from kitchen boards are still being studied; reducing avoidable plastic contact remains a reasonable choice.